Possible Side Effects of Surgical Abortion &
How They Are Treated

A surgical abortion is a medical procedure in which pregnancy tissue is removed from the uterus while under general anaesthesia. Typically a brief procedure especially in early pregnancies, knowing the process, potential side effects, risks, and aftercare can help one better understand what to look out for and what to consider.

There are two main approaches to performing a surgical abortion in Singapore:

• Vacuum Aspiration

  Typically used in the first trimester, this method involves inserting a speculum through the vagina and cervix. A cannula (small tube) is then placed to gently suction out the pregnancy tissue from the uterus.

• Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)

  For second-trimester abortions, a D&E procedure is performed to dilate the cervix opening. It uses a combination of suction and surgical instruments to carefully remove pregnancy tissue.

Following a surgical abortion, patients are monitored until they are deemed well enough for discharge. Medications and post-care instructions will be provided. While most patients can resume most normal activities the following day, rest is advisable for a smoother recovery.

It is common to experience some side effects after a surgical abortion, which usually subside within a few days or weeks. Common ones include:

• Bleeding

  Bleeding that is similar to a normal menstrual period may occur as the body expels the remaining tissue and the lining of the uterus.

• Cramping

  Uterine contractions can cause cramping that is similar to menstrual cramps.

• Nausea or Diarrhoea

  Some women may experience nausea or diarrhoea due to hormonal changes or medications.

• Feeling Sore and Tired

  As the body undergoes a certain degree of stress, one will require a period of rest and recovery.

• Spotting

  Intermittent light bleeding or brownish discharge can continue after an initial heavier bleeding.

• Hormonal Changes

  The sudden drop in pregnancy hormones can lead to mood swings, emotional changes, and so on.

While abortion is generally a safe procedure when performed by an accredited doctor, it still comes with some potential risks. Though unlikely, these include:

• Infection

  Bacterial infection of the uterine lining or other pelvic organs can occur if bacteria enter the uterus during or after the procedure. Management involves antibiotics and monitoring for symptoms like fever and pain.

• Haemorrhage

  Excessive bleeding may require medical intervention to locate and control the source. Post-surgical haemorrhage is often managed with medications and, in severe cases, surgical procedures or blood transfusions.

• Uterine or Organ Perforation

  Accidental perforation by surgical instruments may necessitate surgical repair. Management generally depends on the severity and location of the injury.

• Adverse Medication Reactions

  In rare cases, patients may react negatively to anaesthesia or pain medication. Pre-procedure assessments are conducted to minimise risk, and monitoring of vital signs and supportive care is provided during and after the procedure.

• Incomplete Abortion

  Retention of pregnancy tissue within the uterus following a surgical abortion can potentially cause prolonged bleeding and infection. This may require a subsequent procedure to ensure complete evacuation.

It is important to note that these risks are rare, particularly when the procedure is performed by licensed and experienced physicians. At the Women’s Clinic of Singapore, we adhere to stringent medical protocols to prioritise patient safety and facilitate a smooth recovery.