A Comprehensive Guide to Abortion:
What It Is and Why It Matters

Abortion procedures vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and the method used to terminate it. Broadly classified into medical and surgical options, each approach has distinct processes, benefits, and risks.

The choice between the two depends on gestational age, health considerations, and personal preference, making it essential to understand the differences before proceeding. Early decision-making is critical, as later-stage procedures are riskier and more complicated.

• Medical Abortion (Abortion Pill) – Up to 9 Weeks
  Medical abortion involves taking two medications. The first is mifepristone, which prepares the cervix, followed by misoprostol, which causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy. This method is non-invasive, does not require anaesthesia, and can be done outside of a hospital setting, such as at home. However, it has a higher failure rate compared to surgical methods and can lead to unpredictable timing, prolonged bleeding, intense cramping, and the emotional difficulty of passing foetal tissue at home. Multiple follow-up visits may also be required.
• First-Trimester Surgical Abortion – Between 8 and 12 Weeks
  This procedure, often referred to as vacuum aspiration, is usually performed under general anaesthesia. A tube is inserted into the uterus to remove the pregnancy tissue, and a curette is used afterwards to ensure complete removal. It has a high success rate, offers quick resolution, causes minimal pain and blood loss, and is typically completed on the same day. Although anaesthesia is required, the procedure is short and generally more predictable and complete than a medical abortion.
• Second-Trimester Surgical Abortion – Between 12 and 24 Weeks
  In second-trimester surgical abortion, medication is first placed in the vagina to initiate the expulsion of the pregnancy. This is followed by vacuum aspiration to clear the uterus. Hospitalisation may be necessary for this procedure. It is more invasive than earlier methods, comes with increased risks, and involves a longer recovery period. Despite these factors, it remains a safe procedure when performed by an experienced doctor in an accredited clinic. Abortion is not permitted beyond 24 weeks unless there is a severe medical necessity.

Recovery after an abortion varies, with most first-trimester cases resolving within 3-5 days, while later-term procedures may require longer healing. Temporary cramping and mild bleeding are common. Doctors may recommend painkillers and sanitary pads to manage common side effects. However, symptoms like intense pain, heavy bleeding, fever, or abnormal discharge will warrant immediate medical attention.

Follow these general guidance for optimal post-abortion care:

• Rest and Hydrate:

  Prioritise rest and drink plenty of water to aid recovery.

• Pain Management:

  Take painkillers as prescribed by your doctor.

• Sanitary Wear:

  Sanitary pads are ideal to help manage the bleeding.

• Antibiotics Compliance:

  If prescribed, take the full course to prevent infection.

• Emotional Well-being:

  Reach out for counselling if needed, as emotional recovery is just as important.

On the other hand, avoid the following to minimise complications:

• Alcohol Consumption:

  Avoid drinking for at least 48 hours post-procedure.

• Heavy Lifting or Strenuous Exercise:

  Give your body time to heal before engaging in intense physical activity.

• Douching or Vaginal Washes:

  Let the vagina cleanse itself naturally.

• Using Tampons or Menstrual Cups Too Soon:

  It is best to use sanitary pads for the time being.

• Delaying Medical Attention:

  Seek help if you experience extreme pain, heavy bleeding, fever, or foul-smelling discharge.